Experimental Investigation on the Valorization of a Novel Eco-Bio-Based Insulation Material from Masonry Waste and Diss Fibers

The development of sustainable construction today requires the building sector to adopt solutions that promote energy efficiency, waste management, and reduced carbon footprint. In this context, the use of eco-bio-based materials represents a promising alternative for building eco-responsibly. This study explores the experimental valorization and combination of two waste materials, terracotta masonry and diss fibers (Ampelodesmos mauritanicus), to develop a high-performance eco-bio-based insulation material aimed at enhancing the hygro-thermal properties of building envelopes while reducing environmental impact. To evaluate the synergistic effects of fiber content and binder substitution, three formulations were prepared, and their physical, mechanical, thermal, and capillary performances were assessed experimentally. Natural fibers from the diss plant are incorporated up to 15% or 25%, while terracotta masonry waste is used up to 15%, in addition to hydrated air lime. Results show that the implementation of plant fibers reduces both density and thermal conductivity, while increasing capillary absorption. On the other hand, the addition of 15% terra cotta waste slightly improves thermal properties without significantly affecting mechanical or capillary behavior, thus minimizing the amount of lime preserving the same mechanical resistance. These findings highlight the potential of combining diss fibers and terracotta waste for sustainable insulation materials.